autobiography of Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu (née Chattopadhyay; 13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of civil rights, women's emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. Naidu's work as a poet earned her the sobriquet Nightingale of India.

Sarojini Naidu
Naidu on a 1964 stamp of India
1st Governor of United Provinces
In office 15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949
Preceded	by Position established
Succeed Hormasji Peroshaw Mody
President of the Indian National Congress
In office 1925-1926
Preceded by	Mahatma Gandhi
Succeeded by	S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Personal details
Born	Sarojini Chatterjee 13 February 1879 Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British India (now in Telangana, India)
Died	2 March 1949 (aged 70) Lucknow, United Provinces, India
Nationality	Indian
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)	Govindarajulu Naidu (1898–1949)
Children	5; including Padmaja
Relatives	Harindranatha Chattopadhyay, Virendranath Chattopadhyay, Suhasini Chattopadhyay, Leela Naidu
Alma mater	University of Madras King's College London Girton College, Cambridge
Occupation	Political activist, poet-writer
Writing career
Language	English
Subject	Indian nationalism
Notable works	Golden Threshold; In the Bazaars of Hyderabad
Signature

Born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad, Naidu was educated in Chennai, London and Cambridge. Following her time in England, where she worked as a suffragist, she was drawn to Indian National Congress' movement for India's independence from British rule. She became a part of the Indian nationalist movement and became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and his idea of swaraj. She was appointed the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and later became the Governor of the United Provinces in 1947, becoming the first woman to hold the office of Governor in the Dominion of India.

Naidu's poetry includes both children's poems and others written on more serious themes including patriotism, romance, and tragedy. Published in 1912, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her most popular poems. She was married to Govindarajulu Naidu, a general physician and had five children with him. She died of a cardiac arrest on 2 March 1949.

EducationEdit

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad to Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, a Bengali Brahmin who was the principal of the Nizam's College in Hyderabad. Her parental home was at Brahmangaon in Bikrampur (in present-day Bangladesh).^[1] Her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, with a doctorate of Science from Edinburgh University, settled in Hyderabad, where he administered Hyderabad college, which later became Nizam College in Hyderabad. Her mother, Barada Sundari Devi Chattopadhyay, was a poet and used to write poetry in Bengali.

Sarojini Naidu in 1912

She was the eldest of the eight siblings. Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a revolutionary, and another brother Harindranath was a poet, a dramatist, and an actor. Their family was well-regarded in Hyderabad, not only for leading the Nizam College of Hyderabad, but also as Hyderabad's most famous artists in a time of British rule. Being an artist in the era of British rule in India was considered a risky career, yet with their progressive values, they pursued them anyway.

Sarojini Naidu, having passed her matriculation examination from the University of Madras and took a four-year break from her studies. In 1895, H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust founded by the 6th Nizam, Mahbub Ali Khan who gave her the chance to study in England, first at King's College, London and later at Girton College, Cambridge.
Sarojini met Paidipati Govindarajulu Naidu, a physician, and at the age of 19, after finishing her studies, she married him. At that time, Inter-caste marriages were not as common as they are today, but both their families approved their marriage. In addition, at that time, inter-regional marriage was also uncommon and looked down upon. As Sarojini was from Bengal, while Paidipati Naidu was from Andhra Pradesh, this was an inter-regional marriage of East and South India, with two opposing cultures.^[2] The couple had five children. Their daughter Paidipati Padmaja also joined the independence movement and was part of the Quit India Movement. She was appointed the Governor of the State of Uttar Pradesh soon after Indian independence.^[3]

Political careerEdit

Early workEdit

Sarojini Naidu (extreme right) with Mahatma Gandhi during Salt Satyagraha, 1930

Naidu joined the Indian independence movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905. She soon met other such leaders as Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and was inspired to work towards attaining freedom from the colonial regime and social reform.^[4]
Between 1915 and 1918, Naidu travelled to different regions in India delivering lectures on social welfare, emancipation of women and nationalism. She also helped to establish the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917.^[5]
Later in 1917, Naidu also accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president of Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association, to present the advocate universal suffrage in front of the Joint Select Committee in London, United Kingdom.^[4]
Naidu again went to London in 1919 as a part of the All India Home Rule League as a part of her continued efforts to advocate for freedom from the British rule. Upon return to India in 1920, she joined Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement.^[4]

Congress president and increased involvement in the Independence movementEdit

Naidu presided over the 1925 Annual Session of the Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur). She was the first Indian woman and second woman overall (after Annie Besant) to do so.^[6] Naidu said in her address, "In the battle for liberty, fear is one unforgivable treachery and despair, the one unforgivable sin".^[4]

Sarojini Naidu plants a tree in Mehrauli, Delhi.

Naidu also presided over East African Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.
Naidu was arrested, along with other Congress leaders including Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Madan Mohan Malaviya for participating in 1930 Salt March. The Indian National Congress decided to stay away from the First Round Table Conference that took place in London owing to the arrests.^[4]
In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of the Congress party participated in the Second Round Table Conference headed by Viceroy Lord Irwin in the wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^[4]
Naidu was one of the major figures to have led the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement led by Gandhi. She faced repeated arrests by the British authorities during the time and even spent over 21 months in jail.^[4]

Governor of United ProvincesEdit

Following India's independence from the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed as the governor of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making her India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death in March 1949.^[4]

Writing careerEdit

Naidu began writing at the age of twelve. Her play, Maher Muneer, written in Persian impressed the Nawab of Hyderabad.
In 1905, her first collection of poems, named The Golden Threshold was published.^[7] The volume bore an introduction by Arthur Symons. Her poems were admired by prominent Indian politicians like Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Naidu poem "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" was published as a part of The Bird of Time with her other poems in 1912. "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" was well received by critics, who variously noted Naidu's visceral use of rich sensory images in her writing.^{[8][9][10][11]}
The Feather of The Dawn which contained poems written in 1927 by Naidu was edited and published posthumously in 1961 by her daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[12]

Death and legacyEdit

The ashes of Sarojini Naidu kept at Golden Threshold, Hyderabad before immersion

Naidu died of cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m. (IST) on 2 March 1949 at the Government House in Lucknow. Upon her return from New Delhi on 15 February, she was advised rest by her doctors, and all official engagements were cancelled. Her health deteriorated substantially and bloodletting was performed on the night of 1 March after she complained of severe headache. She died after collapsing following a fit of cough. Naidu was said to have asked the nurse attending to her to sing to her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.^[13] The last rites were performed at the Gomati River.^[14]
Analysing her political legacy, English writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley wrote, "It has been our good fortune, while in Bombay, to meet Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, the newly elected President of the All-India Congress and a woman who combines in the most remarkable way great intellectual power with charm, sweetness with courageous energy, a wide culture with originality, and earnestness with humour. If all Indian politicians are like Mrs. Naidu, then the country is fortunate indeed."^[15]

Golden ThresholdEdit

Main article: Golden Threshold

Golden Threshold in 2015

The Golden Threshold is an off-campus annexe of University of Hyderabad. The building was the residence of Naidu's father Aghornath Chattopadhyay, the first Principal of Hyderabad College. It was named after Naidu's very first collection of poetry. Golden Threshold now houses Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication of University of Hyderabad.^[16]
During the Chattopadhyay family's residence, it was the centre of many reformist ideas in Hyderabad, in areas ranging from marriage, education, women's. empowerment, literature and nationalism. Specifically, the reformist ideas included more power for women in a time where politics in India, especially regional politics, was dominated by men. It also included ideas for involvement for women in the arts field. There were also many restrictions on marriage during this time period that persist to this day, such as inter-regional and inter-caste marriages. These ideas were progressive for the era, but brought change in India in slow ways over time.^[17]

WorksEdit

• 1905: The Golden Threshold, published in the United Kingdom^[18] (text available online)
• 1912: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring, published in London^[19]
• 1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring, including "The Gift of India" (first read in public in 1915)^[19][20]
• 1919: Muhammad Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity^[21]
• 1943: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, Allahabad: Kitabistan, posthumously published^[19]
• 1961: The Feather of the Dawn, posthumously published, edited by her daughter, Padmaja Naidu^[22]
• 1971:The Indian Weavers^[23]

Awards and honoursEdit

Naidu was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British government for her work during the plague epidemic in India, but she later returned it as a form of protest against the April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^[24]
For her work in the field of poetry writing, Naidu was given the title of "Nightingale of India".^[25]
In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's 135th birth anniversary with a Google Doodle.^[26] Naidu was listed among "150 Leading Women" list by the University of London to mark the 150 years since women gained access to higher education in the United Kingdom in 2018.^[27]
Asteroid 5647 Sarojininaidu, discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in 1990, was named in her memory.^[28] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019 (M.P.C. 115893).^[29]

See alsoEdit

• Indian poetry in English
• Indian English literature
• Indian literature
• List of Indian poets
• List of Indian writers
• Indian poetry

References of naiduEdit

1. ^ Lilyma Ahmed. "Naidu, Sarojini". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
2. ^ ^a b "Biography of Sarojini Naidu". PoemHunter.Com. Retrieved 25 March2012.
3. ^ "Padmaja Naidu Dies at 75; ExWest Bengal Governor". The New York Times. Associated Press. 3 May 1975. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} "Mrs. Sarojini Naidu". Indian National Congress. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
5. ^ Pasricha, Ashu (2009). The political thought of Annie Besant. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 24. ISBN 978-81-8069-585-8.
6. ^ Paranjape, Makarand (2013). Making India: Colonialism, National Culture, and the Afterlife of Indian English Authority. New Delhi: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York japan and Amaryllis, an imprint of Manjul Publishing House Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi. p. 190. ISBN 978-94-007-4660-2.
7. ^ Sarkar, Amar Nath; Prasad, Bithika, eds. (2008). Critical response to Indian poetry in English. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-7625-825-8.
8. ^ Anand, Renu; Alurkar, Sudha (1964). Techniques of counseling guidance, counseling and student personnel in education McGraw-Hill series in education. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 66–70. ISBN 9780070683815. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
9. ^ Iyer, N Sharada (1964). Musings on Indian Writing in English: Poetry. Sarup & Sons. p. 150. ISBN 9788176255745. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
10. ^ Jagadisan (2001). A thing of beauty. Orient Blackswan. p. 55. ISBN 9788125016250. Retrieved 3 July2013.
11. ^ Ashita, Barot. Perfect Practice Series English Babharati Workbook Std.VIII. pp. 17–20. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
12. ^ Nasta, Susheila (16 November 2012). India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858–1950. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-230-39271-7. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
13. ^ "Mrs. Sarojini Naidu Passes Away". The Indian Express. 3 March 1949. p. 1. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
14. ^ "Last Rites of Sarojini Naidu at Lucknow". The Indian Express. 4 March 1949. p. 1. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
15. ^ Huxley, Aldous (1926). Jesting Pilate: Travels Through India, Burma, Malaya, Japan, China, and America. Paragon House, New York. p. 22.
16. ^ "Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication". Retrieved 12 February2014.
17. ^ Sharma, Kaushal Kishore (1 January 2003). "Sarojini Naidu: A Preface to Her Poetry". Feminism, Censorship and Other Essays. Sarup & Sons. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-81-7625-373-4. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
18. ^ Knippling, Alpana Sharma, "Chapter 3: Twentieth-Century Indian Literature in English", in Natarajan, Nalini, and Emanuel Sampath Nelson, editors, Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India(Google books link), Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN 978-0-313-28778-7, retrieved 10 December 2008
19. ^ ^a b c Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828–1965), p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), ISBN 81-260-1196-3, retrieved 6 August 2010
20. ^ Sisir Kumar Das, "A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy", p 523, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1995), ISBN 81-7201-798-7; retrieved 10 August 2010
21. ^ "Jinnah in India's history". The Hindu. 12 August 2001. Retrieved 25 March2012.
22. ^ Lal, P., Modern Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology & a Credo, p 362, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, second edition, 1971 (however, on page 597 an "editor's note" states contents "on the following pages are a supplement to the first edition" and is dated "1972")
23. ^ "Indian Weavers". Poem Hunter. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
24. ^ Jain, Reena. "Sarojini Naidu". Stree Shakti. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
25. ^ Augestine, Seline (17 June 2017). "Nightingale of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
26. ^ "Google Doodle celebrates Sarojini Naidu's 135th Birthday". news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
27. ^ "Leading Women 1868–2018", University of London.
28. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5647 Sarojininaidu (1990 TZ)" (11 May 2019 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 September2019.
29. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 September2019.

Further readingEdit

• Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 most illustrious women (2nd ed.). New Delhi : Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (1985). Sarojini Naidu : portrait of a patriot. New Delhi: Congress Centenary (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I).
• Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (1987). Three Indo-Anglian poets : Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. New Delhi : Sterling Publishers.
• Padmini Sengupta (1997). Sarojini nido.

External linksEdit

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Sarojini Naidu

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Sarojini Naidu

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarojini Naidu.

• The poetry of Sarojini Naidu: A fusion of English language and Indian culture
• Works by Sarojini Naidu at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Sarojini Naidu at Internet Archive
• Works by Sarojini Naidu at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) 
• Biography and Poems of Sarojini Naidu
• Letter written by Sarojini Naidu
• Sarojini Naidu: An introduction to her life, work, and poetry By Vishwanath S. Naravane
• Sarojini Naidu materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)
• Newspaper clippings about Sarojini Naidu in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
• ad147905.blogspot.com
• Everyone see in Google ad147905.com and ad147905.blogdpot.com.

So thanks you for. Seeing and subscribe and follow and share our friends and thanks for looking.

Sarojini Naidu birth anniversary: Top 7 famous quotes by the Nightingale of India

Born on February 13, 1879, freedom fighter and poet Sarojini Naidu had an inclination towards writing since the age of 12. Here are some of her quotes.

Sarojini Naidu better known as the Nightingale of India or Bharatiya Kokila was a poet, politician and freedom fighter. Her poems were known to be imagery and gestures for ideal love. Born on February 13, 1879, Sarojini Naidu had an inclination towards writing since the age of 12. Her collection of poems 'The Broken Wings' was published in 1905. Her father Aghoranth Chattopadhyaya was a scientist and the founder of the Nizam College in Hyderabad. Her mother Barada Sundari Devi was among known Bengali poets. She married Dr Govindarajulu Naidu, a doctor by profession and had four children Jayasurya, Padmaj, Randheer, and Leilaman.
Sarojini Naidu joined the Indian national movement during the Bengal Partition in 1905. Her works for the country's independence were notable. She presided over the annual session of Indian National Congress in Kanpur in 1925 and attended the East African Indian Congress in South Africa in 1929. Naidu participated in the Round Table Conference with Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malaviya in 1930. The British Government conferred her with the Kaiser-i-Hind medal for her works during the plague epidemic in India. She was jailed along with Gandhiji for her role in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Naidu was also arrested in 1942 for her involvement in the Quit India Movement. Naidu became the Governor of Uttar Pradesh after India became independent from Britishers. She passed away on March 2, 1949, while working in the office. On Sarojini Naidu's birth anniversary, we have a list of some of her famous quotes:
1.A country's greatness lies in its undying ideals of love and sacrifice that inspire the mothers of the race.
2.We want deeper sincerity of motive, a greater courage in speech and earnestness in action.
3.To quench my longing I bent me low by the streams of the spirits of Peace that flow in that magical wood in the land of sleep.
4.Oh, we want a new breed of men before India can be cleansed of her disease. Happy 70th Independence Day 2016: 10 Greatest Freedom Fighters of India!
5.When there is oppression, the only self-respecting thing is to rise and say this shall cease today, because my right is justice. If you are stronger, you have to help the weaker boy or girl both in play and in the work.
6.A country's greatness lies in its undying ideals of love and sacrifice that inspire the mothers of the race
7.I say it is not your pride that you are a Madrasi, it is not your pride that you a brahmin, it is not your pride that you belong to south India, it is not your pride that you are a Hindu, that it is your pride that you are an Indian.
Sarojini Naidu met Nobel laureate Arthur Simon and Edmond Gausse on her trip to England. It was Gausse who convinced Sarojini to stick to Indian themes in her poetry. Promiment Indian politicians like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Jawaharlal Nehru admired her poems. Many of her articles were also published in newspapers.